Countries<Spain<Galicia<Lugo< Muralla romana de Lugo

Muralla romana de Lugo(Lugo)

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Description

The Roman Wall of Lugo was declared a World Heritage Site in 2000 for being the best living example of military fortifications of the late Roman Empire preserved in Europe. The modifications it has undergone throughout its more than 17 centuries of existence have not substantially altered its original appearance and layout, which follows the guidelines of the Roman engineer Vitruvius. It is the only one in the whole of the Roman Empire that has preserved its perimeter intact and its presence has determined the history and urban evolution of the city of Lugo, increasing and enriching its cultural interest.

The Wall surrounds the heart of Lugo, the ancient Lucus Augusti, founded in 15 B.C. by Paulo Fabio Máximo in the name of the emperor of Rome and was the capital of one of the three Roman juridical convents (together with Astorga and Braga), which made up the province of Gallaecia and which extended as far as the river Duero. This city played a key role in a region that was then extremely rich in gold, which Rome exploited to the point of exhaustion for the benefit of the imperial treasury. Three centuries later, the urban structure of the city changed and shifted slightly to the north. These were critical times from a political and military point of view, and it was at this time that this fortification was erected. The wall occupied an area of topographically irregular terrain, higher in the northwest and sloping down towards the southeast. The reasons for this layout, which left out important residential areas of the ancient Roman city and instead protected uncultivated land, remain an enigma.

Despite the alterations it has undergone, the Wall retains its original layout and the construction features that give it a massive and sturdy appearance typical of its defensive character. Its rectangular shape with rounded corners has a perimeter of over two kilometres (2,117 m) and protects an inner enclosure of 34.4 ha. Seventy-one cubes or towers have survived out of the 85 external towers it once had. The height of its walls varies between 8 and 10 m. and they maintain an average thickness of 4.20 m., reaching 7 m. in some places. The inner enclosure of the Wall can be accessed today through ten gates that cross it, five ancient and another five of modern design and opening; from the inside, its parapet can be accessed by four exterior stairways and two attached ramps, one of them continuing on an interior ramp. It is known that there is an outer moat about 20 metres wide and at least 5 metres deep, which would have completed the defence, making it difficult for siege machines to approach or for mines to be dug.

Having lost its military function, the Roman Wall of Lugo has been fully integrated into the current urban structure: it surrounds the historic city and its parapet is just another promenade, or pedestrian street, used by its inhabitants and visitors. In the parapet, coinciding with the original cubes, there are interior staircases with a double flight and an imperial layout that connect it with the inner wall, where they do not reach the ground; different hypotheses interpret this as a defensive resource that made it possible to isolate the enclosure by removing the mobile stairs or ramps that gave access to the first step. At the present time, 22 of these stairways have been discovered and archaeologically investigated.

The remains of the cube or tower known as 'a Mosqueira', with an outer wall on the parapet with windows, suggest that each of the towers had an upper structure on two levels, which would have been enclosed by a façade with large windows that would have allowed the use of defensive weapons.

The use of local materials such as slate or granite stones and other reused materials give it an original character within the group of lower imperial city walls, an interest that is increased by the complete preservation of its perimeter, by the possibility of public use of the upper parapet and by the relationship it maintains today, fully alive and active, with the city it protected, in which it is incorporated into its urban scene and environment.

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