Countries<Spain<Castilla-La Mancha<Toledo< Ciudad histórica de Toledo

Ciudad histórica de Toledo(Toledo)

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Description

Known as the "city of three cultures", Toledo preserves extraordinary testimonies of different civilisations that have disappeared over two millennia. Toledo was successively a Roman municipality, a Visigothic capital, part of the Emirate of Cordoba, a decisive place in the Christian Reconquest and the temporary seat of the court during the reign of Charles V. Its present-day appearance is due to the superimposition of all these influences and the coexistence of three great cultures: Jewish, Islamic and Christian. The city also attracted great artists of universal renown, such as Domenikos Theotokopoulos, El Greco, who lived in Toledo from 1577 until his death.

Toledo is located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, on a high rock surrounded by a wide meander of the Tagus River. Its origins date back to prehistoric times, although the first mention of the city appears in Roman times, under the name of Toletum. In 513 it was declared the capital of the kingdom by King Leovigild and became the episcopal see. During the Muslim domination it lost its status as the capital, although it reached very high cultural, social and religious levels. In 1083 it was reconquered by Alfonso VI, temporarily hosting the Court. In the 13th century, King Alfonso X created the Toledo School of Translators, a good example of the cultural exchange and dynamism of the city. During the reign of Emperor Charles V, the city reached one of its moments of greatest splendour. After Philip II decided to establish the capital of the kingdom in Madrid, Toledo suffered a period of certain decline, which lasted for the following centuries.

All these historical moments have left their mark on Toledo's heritage, which has survived to the present day. Of the Christian Toledo, its Alcázar fortress, the Cathedral of Santa María, churches, convents and monasteries such as San Juan de los Reyes stand out. From its Moorish past, the urban fabric of narrow, winding streets and mosques such as the mosque of Cristo de la Luz, made of brick and masonry, interlaced arches and wooden roofs, have been preserved. The Jewish presence can be traced in the Synagogues of El Tránsito and Santa María la Blanca.

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