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Universidad y recinto histórico de Alcalá de Henares(Alcalá de Henares)

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Alcalá de Henares, which has its origins in the Roman Complutum, developed in the Middle Ages and flourished in the 16th century, thanks to the foundation of the University by Cardinal Cisneros in 1499. Thus, the University of Alcalá was the first to be planned as a university city, with the academic campus being located in an extension of the medieval quarter. In 1998, the complex formed by the University and the Historic Site was declared a World Heritage Site.

Located in the Henares valley, some 30 kilometres east of Madrid, the first traces of stable occupation of the area date back to the Iberians, and later to the Roman city of Complutum. In the Visigothic period it was an episcopal see. At the beginning of the 7th century it was conquered by the Arabs and in 1118 it was reconquered by Christian troops. This religious and cultural syncretism is clearly shown in the urban layout and we can see how the Christian quarter developed to the south, the Jewish quarter to the east and the Arab quarter to the north. In 1499, with the founding of the university, Cardinal Cisneros was able to see his dream of creating a city based on the Civitas Dei come true, and work began on this model, which would be exported to America and serve as a reference for other European universities. In a short time, more than twenty-five minor colleges were created and by the end of the 16th century, the University of Alcalá had thousands of students. This city of knowledge, which saw the birth of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, experienced its period of splendour coinciding with the creation of the printing press and this allowed important works such as the Complutensian Polyglot Bible to be published. The university was closed and moved to Madrid in 1836, and its assets suffered the confiscation of Mendizábal. In 1976 it reopened its doors and an intense activity of recovery of the Historical Heritage began, which has allowed Alcalá to have a very high degree of authenticity, as most of the buildings on the historical site have recovered their original academic use.

The declared monumental ensemble, in addition to the university campus where the university building itself stands out with its Renaissance façade, the Trilingual courtyard, the Paraninfo or the chapel of San Ildefonso, includes numerous buildings from different periods. The cathedral or Magistral church (16th century), the Archbishop's Palace (14th to 16th centuries), the Cistercian monastery of San Bernardo (17th century), the Jesuit college and church (early 17th century), the Antezana Hospital (15th century) and the Carmelite convent of La Imagen (16th century) are some of the most outstanding elements.

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