Countries<Spain<Cantábria<Santillana del Mar< Cueva de Altamira y arte rupestre paleolítico del norte de España

Cueva de Altamira y arte rupestre paleolítico del norte de España(Santillana del Mar)

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Description

The Cantabrian region of the Iberian Peninsula preserves one of the most important collections of Palaeolithic cave art in Europe, from Gibraltar to the Urals, between 35,000 and 11,000 years ago. These are painted or engraved figures and signs that have been preserved mainly on the walls and ceilings of caves (hence the name "cave art"), but also in some light shelters and on rocks in the open air in a few places. The number of caves with this art in the region, in the Autonomous Communities of the Basque Country, Cantabria and Asturias, the variety of the themes represented and the techniques used, the chronology and the artistic quality of many of these works make the whole representative of the first art of human sapiens.
The Altamira cave was the first site where a set of figures and signs identified and described as Palaeolithic art was recognised. This was done by its discoverer and first researcher, Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, who published it in 1880 with an excellent, well-illustrated text when no similar art of such antiquity was known to exist anywhere else in the world. Since then, hundreds of caves with art from the same period have been discovered, but Altamira remains one of the most spectacular and of the greatest scientific interest for its exceptional quality and for housing figures from a chronological framework between 13,000 and 35,000 years ago. Since the beginning of the 20th century it has been known as the "Sistine Chapel of Palaeolithic art", as it is considered a masterpiece of universal art. A large part of Palaeolithic art is synthesised in the Great Ceiling. There are signs dating from the Aurignacian (36,000 years ago), positive and negative hands, signs and figures of horses painted in red during the Gravetian (dating back more than 22,000 years), Solutrean figures and the exceptional Magdalenian group formed by a pair of horses, a doe and numerous bison in different attitudes, as if they were a herd, all made between 13,000 and 15,000 years ago. Each of these figures combines charcoal drawing and engraving techniques with reddish, ochre and black paint. They are large figures, some of which use the rocky support of the ceiling, the reliefs, cracks and texture of the rock, incorporating it into the figure to give it volume and qualities.
The property "Altamira Cave and Palaeolithic Rock Art of the Cantabrian Coast" was included in the World Heritage List for representing a unique artistic achievement and for providing an exceptional testimony of the Palaeolithic human groups of southern Europe.

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